PPPL-4264


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<b>Nonequilibrium Gyrokinetic Fluctuation Theory and Sampling Noise in Gyrokinetic Particle-in-cell Simulations</b>
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<b>Author:</b> John A. Krommes
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<p><b>Abstract:</b>
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The present state of the theory of fluctuations in gyrokinetic  GK  plasmas and especially its application to sampling noise in GK particle-in-cell  PIC  simulations is reviewed. Topics addressed include the  &Delta;<i>f</i> method, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for both classical and GK many-body plasmas, the Klimontovich formalism, sampling noise in PIC simulations, statistical closure for partial differential equations, the theoretical foundations of spectral balance in the presence of arbitrary noise sources, and the derivation of Kadomtsev-type equations from the general formalism.
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<b>Published in:</b> <a href="http://scitation.aip.org/dbt/dbt.jsp?KEY=PHPAEN&Volume=14&Issue=9">Physics of Plasmas <b>14</b>, 090501 (2007)</i></a> 26 pp (Review Article)
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<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2759879" Target=_blank>doi:</a> 10.1063/1.2759879
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<i>&#169; (2007) American Institute of Physics.
<br>This article may be downloaded for personal use only.
<br>Any other use requires prior permission of the author
<br> and the American Institute of Physics.</i>
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