PPPL-4056 is available in <a href="PPPL-4056.pdf">pdf</a> format (496 KB).<BR>
<b>Note:</b> If you are using a Mac with Operating System X, you must  use "Preview" to print this pdf file.
<p>
<b>Low-noise Collision Operators for Particle-in-cell Simulations</b>
</p>

<p>
<b>Author:</b> J.L.V. Lewandowski
</p>

<p>
<b>Date of PPPL Report:</b> March 2005
</p>

<p>
<b>Published in:</b> Physics of Plasmas <b>12</b>:5 (May 2005) Article No. 052322 (10 pages).</p>


<p>


A new method to implement low-noise collision operators in particle-in-cell simulations is presented. The method is based on the fact that relevant collision operators can be included naturally in the Lagrangian formulation that exemplifies the particle-in-cell simulation method. Numerical simulations show that the momentum and energy conservation properties of the simulated plasma associated with the low-noise collision operator are improved as compared with standard collision algorithms based on random numbers.




</p>