Tritium Reduction and Control in the Vacuum Vessel during TFTR Outage and Decommissioning
Authors: W. Blanchard, R. Camp, H. Carnevale, M. Casey, J. Collins, C.A. Gentile, M. Gibson, J.C. Hosea, M. Kalish, J. Langford, S. Langish, D. Miller, A. Nagy, G.G. Pearson, R. Raucci, K. Rule, and J. Winston
In the summer/fall of 1996 after nearly three years of D-T operations, TFTR underwent an extended outage during which large port covers were removed from the vacuum vessel in order to complete upgrades to the tokamak. Following the venting of the torus, a three tier system was developed for the outage in order to reduce and control the free tritium in the vacuum vessel so as to minimize the exposure to personnel during port cover removal and reinstallation. The first phase of the program to reduce the free tritium consisted of direct flowthrough of room air through the vacuum vessel to the molecular sieve beds using the Torus Cleanup System. Real time measurements of the effluent tritium concentration were used to derive the amount of tritium removed from the torus. Once the free tritium in the vessel had been reduced to approximately 50 Ci, a second phase was initiated using a 55 Gallon Drum Bubbler System for the direct processing of the vacuum vessel to further lower the tritium level in the torus. Tritium oxide is absorbed by the bubbler system with the exhaust vented to one of the tritium monitored HVAC ventilation stacks. To preclude the release of tritium to the Test Cell location of TFTR and to minimize the exposure of workers, a variable flow exhaust system was employed in order to maintain a negative pressure in the vacuum vessel between 0.05" and 1.5" w.c. during the removal of port covers ranging in size from approximately 5 to 1000 in2. These systems were completely successful in reducing and controlling the free tritium in TFTR and were instrumental in maintaining ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) exposures to tritium during the 1996 outage. These systems are again being utilized during the safe shutdown and decommissioning of TFTR which commenced in April of 1997. This paper describes in detail the configuration of these systems and the data obtained during the outage and safe shutdown of TFTR.